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Color the chinches! Salvadorean Primary School Project to Educate Children on How to Prevent Chagas Disease
Illustrated on this page is a simple tool used by elementary schools in El Salvador to teach children how to identify chinches picudas, or the specific triatomine insect Triatoma dimidiata that is the main vector transmitting the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite and hence, Chagas disease. Below is the sheet given to the pupils to color and a photo of the children engaged in the activity. This material was developed by the PAHO/JICA collaborative project with the Ministry of Health of El Salvador.
dch-els-dibujo-chinches.htm
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El Salvador: Activities to Fight Chagas Disease
This page serves as a resource with links to all online PAHO information on Chagas disease in El Salvador and current prevention and control activities taking place there: the subregional initiative, events, missions, photos, maps, etc.
dch-els.htm
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IPCA: Initiative of the Countries of Central America for Control of Vector-Borne and Transfusional Transmission and Medical Care for Chagas Disease
This information sheet describes the activities of the subregional initiative to fight Chagas Disease in Central America, where PAHO and the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) collaborate with the country health authorities. It contains links to proceedings from meetings, project facts, maps, IEC materials, photos, etc.
dch-ca.htm
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Integrated Vector Management (IVM)
Vector control is well suited for integrated approaches because some vectors are responsible for multiple diseases, and some interventions are effective against several vectors. The concept of IVM was developed as a result of lessons learned from integrated pest management, which is used in the agricultural sector; IVM aims to optimize and rationalize the use of resources and tools for vector control. This resource page links to WHO materials on IVM and to PAHO materials on vector-borne diseases (VBDs).
ivm.htm
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PAHO Communicable Disease Research Program (CDR)
This page offers the user basic information and a variety of resources in the area of research in infectious diseases: mandates, program description, PAHO guides for researchers submitting proposals and reports, links to its WHO counterpart and to the PAHO Research Grants Program as well as to donor institutions and related sites, international awards, announcements of conferences and publications, upcoming events, etc.
res-tdr-home.htm
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Our community is chinche- and Chagas-free: United against chinches!
These two posters (in Spanish) are directed at children and families in a public-education campaign in El Salvador to teach people how to identify and avoid chinches, the "assassin bugs" that transmit Chagas disease.
dch-els-banners.htm
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CD48/11- Improving Blood Availability and Transfusion Safety in the Americas
CD48/11 Improving Blood Availability and Transfusion Safety in the Americas
cd48-11-e.pdf
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CD48/13 - Integrated Vector Management: A Comprehensive Response to Vector-borne Diseases
CD48/13Integrated Vector Management: A Comprehensive Response to Vector-borne Diseases
cd48-13-e.pdf
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10 Facts about Neglected Tropical Diseases
These ten facts provide a basic overview on what constitutes neglected tropical diseases and what is being done to combat them.
WHO
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Health Surveillance and Disease Prevention and Control at PAHO
This page describes the PAHO Technical Area for Health Surveillance and Disease Prevention and Control(HSD), its mission and objectives, what it does in terms of projects and activities. It contains links to the four technical groups and the Pan American Center under its umbrella. Note: Prior to June 2006, the Area was named Disease Prevention and Control.
dpc-page.htm
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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Peer-Reviewed Open-Access Journal Published by the Public Library of Science
This free online journal offers articles covering the broad spectrum of neglected diseases, including geohelminths, river blindness, snail fever, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, filariasis, and other diseases of the poor that are often neglected by health systems, the pharmaceutical industry, and the press.
PLOSNTDs
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Workshop to Design a Comprehensive Strategy for Primary Health Care (PHC) for Controlling Chagas Disease in the Chaco Region: Elaboration of a Protocol and Intervention Guidelines in Three Pilot Areas (La Paz, Bolivia, 14–16 May 2008)
The objective of this meeting was to Validate a comprehensive and sustainable intervention strategy for the prevention, control, and treatment of Chagas disease in the biogeographical region of the Bolivian Chaco, which will contribute to the development of the region and improvement of the quality of life of its inhabitants. This page offers a summary in English and access to the 28-page meeting report in Spanish.
dch-chaco-08.htm
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An Achievable Dream: Eliminating Some Diseases from the Americas
In this speech, PAHO Director Dr. Mirta Roses outlines a set of communicable diseases--vector-borne, zoonotic, viral, bacterial and parasitic--that can be eliminated or significantly reduced by 2015 at the regional, subregional, or national level.
PAHO Director
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An ACHIEVABLE DREAM: Eliminating some Diseases from the Region
"When envisioning the future of public health in the Americas, we can and should dare to dream of victories that greatly benefit all citizens and have a real impact on the human development levels of our peoples.
Eliminating certain illnesses or diseases that still afflict our peoples even though we possess the knowledge and tools with which to make them virtually disappear is one of those achievable dreams."
RosesArticle_DiseaseE_eng.htm
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Neglected Tropical Diseases: Innovative and Intensified Disease Management
This brochure tells how pro-poor and pro-active solutions against neglected tropical diseases can contribute the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It focuses on specific diseases where cost-effective tools are not available: Buruli ulcer, Chagas, Cholera (and other diarrheal diseases), Leishmaniasis, and Yaws.
WHO
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Update of American Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis Control and Research: Final Report (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 6–7 November 2007)
The objective of this meeting was to set up an information platform on control and research gaps in American Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis in order to establish a road map for academia and control programs. This 176-page report contains a series of technical papers in two parts: (I) Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), with 20 short papers and abstracts; and (II) Leishmaniasis, with 8.
res-dch-leish-priorities.pdf
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CSP27.R10: Regional Policy and Strategy for Ensuring Quality of Health Care, Including Patient Safety
This resolution from the 27th Pan American Sanitary Conference in 2007 sets forth the PAHO mandate for providing effective, safe, efficient, accessible,
appropriate, and satisfactory care for users, recognizing that policies are needed in the health sector that will impact the health care continuum, foster citizen involvement, and promote a culture of quality and safety in health care institution.
CSP27.R10
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Chagas Disease: An Impediment in Achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Latin America (Biomed Central / BMC International Health and Human Rights, Vol. 7)
This article outlines the need for multidimensional approaches that address specific geographically determined epidemiological profiles, especially for diseases of poverty that attack the most vulnerable populations. Stopping the cycle of suffering and impoverishment associated with Trypanosoma cruzi will play a role in human empowerment and development as well, which is the basic aim of the MDGs. Click here for the abstract.
Full Text
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Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases (New England Journal of Medicine, 357: 10, September 6, 2007)
The neglected tropical diseases are a group of 13 major disabling conditions that are among the most common chronic infections in the world's poorest people. A blueprint for the control or elimination of the seven most prevalent neglected tropical diseases has been established by a group of private, public, and international organizations working together with pharmaceutical partners and national ministries of health. Through the newly established Global Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases, with updated guidelines for drug administration issued by WHO, partnerships are coordinating their activities in order to launch a more integrated assault on these conditions.
NEJM
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Epidemiology of Chagas Disease in Non-Endemic Countries: The Role of International Migration
At one time, Chagas disease was restricted to the endemic countries of the Americas; but this is no longer the case. This article by retired PAHO Advisor Gabriel Schmunis focuses on the recent spread of Chagas disease as a result of migration. The article appears in a special supplement dedicated to Chagas disease and published in the Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.
Schmunis
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Global Plan to Combat Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2008–2015
The WHO Global Plan to Combat NTDs Global Plan has been formulated according to the following key principles: the right to health; existing health systems as a setting for interventions; a coordinated, multi-disease response by the health system; integration and equity; and intensified control of diseases alongside pro-poor policies. This page contains the executive summary plus a link to the full text.
ntds-global-plan.htm
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Tackling Neglected Diseases in Latin America
This page links to two Biomedical Center (BMC) Public Health articles, one a commentary on improving the health of neglected populations in Latin America and the other, an article on prevention, control, and elimination of neglected diseases in the Americas.
WHO
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The Globalization of Chagas Disease
This PAHO article, published in ISBT Science Series 2 (1), 6–11, describes how the potential for transfusing Trypanosoma cruzi-infected blood or blood products does not exist only in Latin America. Economic hardship or political problems, or both, have spurred emigration from endemic countries to developed countries, transforming Chagas disease from mainly a rural problem of Latin America, to a global problem. It is obvious that the higher risk occurs in those countries receiving the highest number of immigrants. Meeting these challenges will require services with specialized infrastructure and trained staff, and, on the other, legislation might have to be modified, so that immigrants are not discriminated against at their places of employment due to their infection.
ISBT Science Series
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TropIKA.net: Tropical Disease Research to foster Innovation and Knowledge Application
The UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) and the PAHO's Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME) are jointly developing an interactive portal in the area of infectious diseases that disproportionably affect poor and marginalized populations. The initiative is called TropIKA.net--Tropical Disease Research to foster Innovation and Knowledge Application. The rationale is to address a basic imbalance where priority research needs are unequally covered by the global research agenda and several high-impact research areas are still neglected.
TropIKA.net
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WHA60.25: Integrating Gender Analysis and Actions into the Work of WHO: Draft Strategy
This resolution from the 60th World Health Assembly in 2007 sets forth the WHO mandate to analyze the data and act in ensuring and integrating gender equality into all health-related areas and all levels of health-care delivery and services for women and girls of all ages.
WHA60.25
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Report of the Regional Consultation on Information, Education and Communication (IEC) on Congenital Chagas Disease (CLAP, Montevideo, 17-18 May 2007)
In epidemiological importance, congenital Chagas disease constitutes the third mode of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission to humans. This consultation lays the foundations for information, education, and communication on which to raise consciousness among individuals, families, communities, society at large, professionals, and policy-makers, in order to act in a timely and sustainable way to diagnose and treat newborns infected by T. cruzi. This 12-page report gives an update, 20 recommendations, the list of participants, agenda, and brief bibliography.
dch-congenita-iec-07.doc
dch-congenita-iec-07.pdf
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PAHO Regional Program on Chagas Disease
This page provides a short description of the PAHO program to fight Chagas disease in the Americas: mission, areas of work, and the four subregional initiatives: CONOSUR for the Southern Cone, IPCA for Central America, IPA for the Andean subregion, and AMCHA for the Amazon basin.
dch-program-page.htm
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A Turning Point 2007: Report of the Global Partners' Meeting on Neglected Tropical Diseases (Geneva, Switzerland, 19-20 April 2007)
An estimated one billion people--one sixth of the world’s population--are infected with one or more neglected tropical diseases. These diseases are largely ancient infectious diseases that thrive in impoverished settings, especially in the heat and humidity of tropical climates. This meeting of 200 key international partners declared to the world that control of these diseases deserves high priority on the global public health agenda and still greater determination to deliver appropriate health care to the millions of poor people in need.
WHO
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WHO Expands Fight against Chagas Disease with Support from Bayer
This WHO press release describes how WHO is expanding the global effort to eliminate Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), a vector-borne parasitic infection native to the Americas but spreading worldwide due to migration factors and affecting nine million people, mostly children. The expanded program is supported by Bayer HealthCare, which manufactures nifurtimox, a drug used to treat the disease.
WHO
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Funding to Attend Workshop on Ecosystem Approaches to Human Health: Vector-Borne Diseases (Dengue and American Trypanosomiasis) and Health Risks due to Exposure to Environmental Toxins
There is funding available from the International Development Research Center (IDRC) in Canada and the National Institute of Public Health (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública / INSP) to attend this Spanish-language Ecohealth Training Course for Latin America and the Caribbean, to be held in Mexico from 6–10 August 2007. Deadline for applications: 15 June 2007.
IDRC
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Honduras: Activities to Fight Chagas Disease
This page serves as a resource with links to all online PAHO information on Chagas disease in Honduras and current prevention and control activities currently being carried out there: the subregional initiative, events, missions, educational materials, photos, maps, etc.
dch-hon.htm
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Technical Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Chagas Disease
The Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance (MSPAS) of El Salvador prepared these guidelines in collaboration with PAHO and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Their objective is to standardize criteria for clinical, entomological, epidemiological, and techno-operational approaches to the disease, as well as the compulsory requirements that must be met by legally authorized professionals and healthcare facilities working in this area. They apply to all healthcare facilities at all levels (primary, secondary, tertiary).
dch-els-normas.htm
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Prevention, control, and elimination of neglected diseases in the Americas: Pathways to integrated, inter-programmatic, inter-sectoral action for health and development
Over 210 million people in the Americas live below the poverty line. These impoverished and marginalized populations are heavily burdened with neglected communicable diseases. These diseases continue to enact a toll, not only on families and communities, but on the economically constrained countries themselves. The purpose of this paper is three fold. First, it focuses on a need for integrated "pro-poor" approaches and policies different from traditional approaches. Second, it outlines the need for a specific strategy for addressing these diseases and offers several entry points in the context of broad public health measures involving multiple sectors. Finally, the paper presents several initiatives from PAHO and other institutions that document the importance of integrated, inter-programmatic, and inter-sectoral approaches. Authors include PAHO experts from different areas and the PAHO Director. (BMC Public Health 2007, 7:6, doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-6)
BMC Public Health
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Decentralization and Management of Communicable Disease Control in Latin America
Over the past twenty years, many countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have reformed their health systems. One of the strategies used in some of them was the decentralization of the activities and health programs towards the local level (states and municipalities). This collection of papers offers analytical models that make it possible to classify sectoral decentralization in Latin America in relation to both the territorial and political entities in the countries, socioeconomic and demographic status, and the nature of its health systems.
res-descentralizacion.htm
res-descentralizacion.pdf
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Manual for Indoor Residual Spraying: Application of Residual Sprays for Vector Control (3rd ed.)
The objective of this handbook is to ensure the safe and correct application of a residual insecticide to indoor surfaces on which vectors may rest. Indoor residual spraying is extensively used, especially for malaria and Chagas disease vector control. However, vector control programmes frequently lack well-trained field staff to apply the insecticides and to maintain the application equipment. With good skills and quality application equipment, hazards to human health and the environment, as well as financial losses, can be avoided. It can be used as a model to develop training materials in the countries.
WHOPES
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Chagas Diseases (TDR Fact Sheet and Research Resource Page)
This page provides basic information and access to WHO resources. Chagas disease, found only in Latin America, is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitted by insects of the Triatoma species, often through small mammals that act as reservoir hosts.
WHO/TDR
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Neglected Diseases: The Diseases of Poverty
Neglected Diseases strike populations already cripped by poverty and inequity:
women, children, indigenous populations, the poor. This bilingual poster, the text of which appears in both HTML and Word in fact-sheet format, outlines the health and economic impact of Neglected Diseases and the current response in terms of prevention and treatment and intersectoral solutions.
psit-nd-poster.htm
psit-nd-poster.doc
psit-nd-poster-wha.pdf
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The Burden of Neglected Diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean Compared with Some Other Communicable Diseases
This graph makes a case for increased attention to neglected diseases by illustrating their tremendous disease burden as compared to other communicable diseases that receive a higher level of attention from health systems.
psit-nd-graph.htm
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CD47.R18: Health of the Indigenous Peoples in the Americas
Taking note of the existence of inequities in health and access to health care services that affect more than 45 million indigenous people living in the Americas; and because the United Nations Millennium Declaration cannot be reached unless the specific health needs of excluded populations, such as indigenous peoples, are addressed, this resolution of the 47th PAHO Directing Council in 2006 sets for the mandate to take a multicultural approach to include these groups and work towards greater equity and better health for all.
CD47.R18
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Conclusions and Recommendations from the Joint IPA-AMCHA Annual Meeting (Quito, Ecuador, 18–20 September 2006)
This joint Meeting constitutes the VIIth Annual Meeting of the Andean Initiative for Chagas Disease Control (IPA) and the IIIrd Annual Meeting of the Initiative for Chagas Disease Surveillance and Prevention in the Amazon Region (AMCHA), where the official government delegates from Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela analyzed the current epidemiological situation as well as that of their control programs, arriving at the 30 conclusions and recommendations in this 4-page document.
dch-amcha-ipa-2006.pdf
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Feature: Toward the Eradiction of Chagas Disease
The PAHO partnership with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), working together with the Ministries of Health in Central America, is a successful example of the tremendous progress that joint efforts can make in disease eradication. This article from JICA Magazine, JICA's English-language publication, describes the impact of the Initiative of the Central American Countries to Fight Chagas Disease (IPCA) on tackling this dread disease, one mostly affecting the poor, with a view to its elimination.
JICA Magazine
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XVth Meeting of the Southern Cone Intergovernmental Commision to Eliminate Triatoma infestans and Interrupt the Transmission of Transfusional Trypanosomiasis (INCOSUR-Chagas) (Brasília, Brazil, 6-9 June 2006)
This meeting reviewed the progress made by the six countries making up the initiative, issued a set of recommendations and conclusions, and made various decisions for the coming year. Highlighted was the situational diagnosis for Brazil, which achieved interruption of vector-borne transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi via Triatoma infestans throughout all of the 13 states where the vector is present.
dch-incosur-xv.htm
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Communicable Disease Prevention and Control at PAHO: Aims, Strategies and Lines of Action
This page summarizes the mission, objectives, strategies and lines of action of the PAHO Communicable Disease Unit and describes what it hopes to accomplish through technical cooperation.
cd-unit-page.htm
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INCOSUR-Chagas: Southern Cone Initiative to Control and Eliminate Chagas Disease
Created in 1991 by the Ministers of Health of Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay, with its Technical Secretariat in PAHO, INCOSUR has made significant progress in combatting Chagas disease. This page tells about INCOSUR and offers access to INCOSUR documentation: reports, maps, directories, guides, etc.
incosur.htm
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International Clinical Trials Registry Platform
New standards for registration of human medical research (19 May 2006): WHO is urging research institutions and companies to register all medical studies that test treatments on patients or healthy volunteers. Registration of clinical trials –- including preliminary studies -- will be fundamental to ensuring transparency and fulfilling ethical responsibilities, thus publicly declaring and identifying the trials, so as to ensure that a minimum set of results be reported and made publicly available. This link to WHO provides access to the full text and other related articles in the Lancet.
WHO
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Investing in Global Health: 'Best Buys' and Priorities for Action in Developing Countries
These three new volumes from the World Bank Disease Control Priorities Project--Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (2nd ed.), Priorities in Health, and Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors--are part of an ongoing initiative to provide technical resources to improve the health systems, and ultimately the health of people, in developing countries.
DCP Site
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Priorities in Health
Two overarching themes emerge from the extensive research and analyses in this World Bank publication: (1) Current resources can yield substantial health gains if knowledge of cost-effective interventions were applied more fully. (2) Additional resources are needed in low-income countries to minimize the glaring inequities in health care. Increased resources would provide highly-effective interventions, expand research, and extend basic health coverage to more people. WHO contributed to this publication.
DCPP
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Travelers' Health
This information published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States (CDC, a PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center), helps orient travelers on anything they should know and precautions they should take when travelling to a given country.
CDC
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Chagas Disease: Harmonization Model for Inter-Agency Cooperation
Public-health programs have one common characteristic: few resources, which keep them from providing definitive solutions to these problems. The start of this joint effort came about relatively recently, but the results obtained to date permit some optimism in making it possible to foresee the future in positive terms vis-à-vis the resolution of this important health problem. The great challenge is to maintain the sustainability. This page offers a summary and access to the full text in Spanish.
dch-modelo-coop.htm
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ALCUEH: Health Collaboration Program among Latin American, the Caribbean and European countries
ALCUEH is a project that convokes expert professionals, researchers, decision-makers and representatives of agencies, interested in making alliances, in order to analyze relevant problems related to health, to identify possible strategies and solutions which can help improve health conditions in industrialized or developing countries.
ALCUEH
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Guatemala: Activities to Fight Chagas Disease
This page serves as a resource with links to all online PAHO information on Chagas disease in Guatemala and prevention and control activities currently being carried out there: the subregional initiative, events, missions, educational materials, photos, maps, etc.
dch-gut.htm
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Disease Information, Chagas Disease
This page provides basic information on Chagas disease in the form of a fact sheet with summary information on distribution, causative agent, transmission, symptoms, and prevention and control.
WHO/TDR
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Neglected Diseases: Search Page for PAHO and WHO Information
This page contains a list of neglected (primarily tropical) diseases of importance in Latin America and the Caribbean, with links to sites or autosearches with information on them. PAHO is developing a multi-disease approach to the prevention, control, or elimination of the diseases in this area.
neglected-diseases.htm
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Eighth Meeting of the Intergovernmental Commission of the Initiative of Central American Countries to Interrupt Vectoral and Transfusional Transmission of Chagas Disease (IPCA) (Tegucigalpa, Honduras, 7–9 December 2005)
This VIIIth Meeting of the Intergovernmental Technical Commission reiterated the need to actively maintain the process of international evaluations and specific technical meetings, for the countries to prepare Strategic Plans facilitating international cooperation to support the National Programs, and comprehensive care of populations of endemic areas. This page offers the executive summary in English and provides access to the full-text report in Spanish, complete with country presentations and recommendations.
dch-ipca-8.htm
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Neglected Diseases of Neglected Populations: Thinking to Reshape the Determinants of Health in Latin America and the Caribbean
The objective of this paper is to identify new opportunities to address neglected diseases, improve community health and promote sustainable development in neglected populations by highlighting examples of key risk and protective factors for neglected diseases which can be managed and implemented through multi-disease-based, integrated, inter-programmatic, and/or inter-sectoral approaches. It was published in BMC Public Health and was written by the Chief of the PAHO Communicable Disease Unit and the PAHO Regional Advisor on Parasitic and Neglected Diseases.
psit-EhrenbergAult2005.htm
BMC Public Health
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Capacity Development under Program-Based Approaches: LENPA Spring Forum 2005: Synthesis Report (Washington, DC, 25–27 April 2005)
This report synthesizes key ideas and conclusions emerging from above-mentioned forum on strengthening capacities under program-based approaches (PBAs) sponsored by the Learning Network on Program-Based Approaches (LENPA). The page contains a summary, four case studies from Latin America, the full executive summary, and the full-text report.
dch-lenpa-2005.htm
dch-lenpa-2005.pdf
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PAHO/MSF Regional Consultation on the Organization and Structure of Health Care for the Sick or Infected by Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas Disease) (Montevideo, Uruguay, 13–14 October 2005)
The objectives of this meeting were to define the scope and structure of omedical care; develop alternative and optional care models; outline the care provided to Chagas patients; establish aspects of concern in the areas of pediatric, mother-child, and transfusion care, etc.; define diagnostic needs and scope; establish both the scope and the facilities that patients should have within the health-care systems; define the total panorama of patient availability and access to etiological treatment; plan concepts and frameworks on the cost, impact, and effectiveness of developing a component for Chagas morbidity and care; establish the needs for operational research and for management.
dch-consulta-ops-msf-2005.htm
dch-consulta-ops-msf-2005.pdf
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IInd Regional Meeting of the CDIA-EC Project: Surveillance tools for Triatoma infestans and other triatomines (Santiago, Chile, 6–8 October 2005)
The purposes of this meeting were to support control and surveillance tasks in Chile and Uruguay, with the objective of eliminating
T. infestans; develop protocols and models for control/surveillance and research aimed at elimination in the Southern Cone subregion; and recommend tools, methods and operational practices that operate effectively, sensitively, and with adequate applicability, to deal with the new realities of infestation, colonization, and dispersion of triatomines in the household environment (intra-, peri- and extradomiciliary areas). This page offers an introduction as well as the purposes, objectives, recommendations and conclusions of the meeting, along with the list of participants and links to project partners.
dch-cdia-II-reunion.htm
dch-cdia-II-reunion.pdf
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CD46.R16: PAHO Gender Equality Policy
Resolution adopted at the 46th PAHO Directing Council in September 2005, which lays down the PAHO mandate for gender equality in health and development in the Americas, in accordance with the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
cd46.r16-e.pdf
CD46.R16
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CD46.R5: Progress Report on the Global Safe Blood Initiative and Plan of Action for 2005-2010
This resolution from the PAHO Directing Council sets forth its Organizational mandate and plan of action to guarantee blood safety and prevent diseases transmitted by blood transfusion.
CD46.R5
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Pilot Exercise on Integrated Triatomine Control (Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico, 23 September 2005)
The objective of this meeting was to develop an integrated triatomine control model for an endemic area in Mexico. This fact sheet indicates the organization and experts, the conclusions and recommendations, and the commitments made.
dch-mex-9-05.htm
dch-mex-9-05-summary.pdf
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PAHO Today - September 2005 Edition
PAHO Today is the newsletter of the Pan American Health Organization, published three times a year. In this edition: Inequity Impedes Progress on Millennium Development Goals, Planning for the Flu Pandemic, Scaling Up HIV/AIDS Care, more.
pahotoday_sep05.htm
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Photos from El Salvador: Preparations for the Five-Year Plan to Stop Chagas Disease, 2005
The year 2005 is strategically significant for Central America, in that it is close to the end of 2010, the deadline for compliance with the goal of interrupting transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi. El Salvador is one of the countries working towards meeting the regional goal and thus preserving the health of its people. The country is in the process of concluding preparations for its Five-Year Plan for Chagas Control: 2006–2010.
dch-els-2005.htm
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Field Photos: 2002 Mission to Guatemala to Fight Chagas Disease
The 13 photographs below illustrate the official mission to Guatemala in February 2002, conducted jointly by PAHO and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) as part of their joint collaboration project with the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance (MSPAS) in the fight against Chagas disease in poverty-stricken rural communities. The mission conducted field visits to isolated communities in Zacapa, Jutiapa, Chiquimula and elsewhere to evaluate the situation with a view to present and future community-level activities and then presented its findings to the Ministry of Health in Guatemala City. All this was carried out within the framework of the Initiative of Central American Countries against Chagas Disease (IPCA).
dch-gut-2002.htm
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Field Photos: PAHO-JICA Team at Work in Guatemala
These nine photographs illustrate the teamwork going on as part of PAHO's joint collaboration project with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance (MSPAS) of Guatemala in the fight against Chagas disease in poverty-stricken rural communities. These actities were carried out within the framework of the Initiative of Central American Countries against Chagas Disease (IPCA).
dch-team-jica.htm
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Field Photos: 2005 Missions to Guatemala in Continuing Fight against Chagas Disease
These 11 photographs illustrate PAHO's 2005 official mission to Guatemala from 23–27 May 2005, as well as the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA's) project evaluation mission from 23 May to 3 June 2005, as part of their collaboration with the Ministry of Health in the fight against Chagas disease in poverty-stricken rural communities. The missions conducted field visits to Jutiapa, Jalapa, and Zacapa to evaluate community-level activities and reported the findings to the Ministry of Health in Guatemala City.
dch-gut-2005.htm
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Field Photos: Guatemalan Anti-Chinche Campaign through Community-Based Integrated Vector Control (IVM)
These 15 photos show the activities of the campaign for integrated vector control (IVM) in the fight against Chagas in Guatemala. Not only does this mean applying pesticides but also promoting community participation through education to enable them to better protect themselves. This campaign is the result of collaboration between the Ministry of Health, PAHO, and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
dch-fotos-gut-ivm.htm
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IPA: Initiative of the Andean Countries to Control Vectoral and Transfusional Transmission of Chagas Disease
This subregional initiative provides a the space in which each participating country took on commitments aimed at meeting the objectives of eliminating vector-borne and transfusion transmission of American trypanosomiasis in the Andean Region.
dch-ipa.htm
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ECLAT: European Community - Latin American Network for Research on the Biology and Control of Triatominae
The general objective of ECLAT is to provide a coordinated network promoting collaborative research on the biology and control of Triatominae, in support of Chagas disease control programmes throughout Latin America. In addition to basic and applied research, the network also acts as a focus for discussion and liaison between research scientists, operational personnel, and industries involved in Chagas disease control. Research is focused on the comparative population genetics and dispersal (gene flow) of primary and secondary vector species, especially in relation to recolonisation of treated communities and the adaptive mechanisms involved in colonising new domestic and peridomestic habitats.
ECLAT
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JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
JICA is one of PAHO's main collaborators and is currently involved (among others) in a partership with PAHO and CIDA-Canada to fight Chagas disease in Central America. Its mission is as follows: "We, as a bridge between the people of Japan and developing countries, will advance international cooperation through the sharing of knowledge and experience and will work to build a more peaceful and prosperous world." It advances its activities around the pillars of a field-oriented approach, human security, and enhanced effectiveness, efficiency, and speed.
JICA
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CIDA: Canadian International Development Agency
CIDA is one of PAHO's main partners, among others in the fight against Chagas disease in Central America. Its mission? Helping people to help themselves. With assistance from countries like Canada, the developing countries of the world have made real progress over the past 40 years.
CIDA
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European Community: Chagas Disease Intervention Activities (CDIA/EC)
The EC is one of PAHO's main partners in the fight against Chagas Disease in the Region. The general objective of the CDIA-EC is to provide a concerted action that promotes collaboration in research in support of Chagas disease control programmes in the three regional initiatives: Southern Cone, Andean Pact and Central America. The concerted action will act as a focus for discussion and liaison between research scientists, operational personnel, industries, Ministries of Health and other stakeholders involved in Chagas disease control including health workers in general. In addition, it will play a strong catalytic role in promoting the various regional control initiatives. Therefore, CDIA will serve as a platform for dialog.
CDIA-EC
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Safety of Pyrethroids for Public Health Use
Pyrethroids are widely used in public health because of their relative safety for humans, high insecticidal potency at low dosages and rapid knock-down effects. WHO has assessed the safety and efficacy of pyrethroids for different applications in vector control, as well as in disinsection of aircrafts. The purpose of this document is to critically review current knowledge on the safety of pyrethroids and whether existing WHO recommendations for pyrethroid applications should be revised or modified. (This review does not consider the use of pyrethroids in space spraying and vapour applications, e.g. in mosquito coils and aerosols.)
mal-whopes-pyrethroids.htm
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Global Insecticide Use for Vector-Borne Disease Control (2nd ed.)
Vector control constitutes an important element in the current global strategy for the control of major vector-borne diseases, and chemical control remains an important element in an integrated approach to vector control. This publication attempts to document the use of insecticides for vector control at the global level concerning the evelopment of guidelines on safe and effective use of insecticides and on resistance management, agreements for international use of insecticides, investment for development of alternatives, and review and formulation of policies for insecticide usage at different levels.
mal-whopes-vbd-gl.htm
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Public Health Pesticide Management Practices by WHO Member States: Report of a Survey, 2003–2004
Survey objectives were to study key features of public health pesticide management practices by WHO Member States; assist national and international organizations in developing activities to address weaknesses in their management practices; and serve as a baseline for monitoring progress in such activities. In the Americas, 14 countries responded comprising 55% of the at-risk population for major vector-borne diseases: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay. The Caribbean Epidemiology Centre / CAREC assisted with data collection and validation.
mal-whopes-survey.htm
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Guidelines on Situation Analysis for Public Health Pesticide Management
The objectives of this 2005 publication by WHOPES, the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme, is to provide guidance in the performance of a situation analysis aimed at identifying the weaknesses, strengths and needs for strengthening a country's public health pesticide management practices. It identifies the key steps in the planning process and outlines a methodology for such analysis.
mal-whopes-pesticide-guide.htm
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Field Photos: Blood-Testing among the Rural Population in Guatemala to Detect and Diagnose Chagas Disease
These ten photographs show the community-based activities of the IPCA initiative for the prevention and control of Chagas disease in Central America. IPCA is a collaborative product of the Ministries of Health, PAHO, the the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
dch-fotos-tomasangre.htm
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VIth Meeting of the Andean Initiative to Control Chagas Disease (IPA) (Bogotá, Colombia, 5–6 May 2005)
The objective of this meeting was to approach three thematic areas: (a) implementing greater coverage and quality of anti-vectoral activities, according to risk criteria already published by the IPA Technical Advisory Group, taking into account the following: (i) diversity of species, with updated and integrated taxonomy criteria; (ii) interpreting the various epidemiological situations and (iii) the acceptability and viability of the proposals; (b) optimizing management and methodology in blood banks with regard to blood tests, with the goal of eliminating contaminated blood and treating infected individuals detected during testing, within the framework of blood-safety goals; and (c) generating in the member countries a component of morbidity and care for persons infected with or ill from Chagas in an accessible, timely, effective and effecient manner. This page offers the recommendations and decisions plus access to the full-text report in Spanish.
dch-andina-vi-2005.htm
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XIVth Meeting of the Intergovernmental Commission of the Southern Cone (INCOSUR) for the Elimination of T. infestans and the Interruption of Transfusional American Trypanosomiasis (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, 28–31 March 2005)
This page includes the recommendations of the meeting, which include (a) upcoming advances in Brazil in interruping vectoral transmission of T. cruzi via T. infestans throughout all endemic areas in the country; (2) approval of a patient care component for Chagas victims; (3) a possible regional meeting of subregional initiatives in 2006; and (4) strengthening of partnerships with MSF-Spain, CIDA and Belgian Cooperation.
dch-incosur-14-2005.htm
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Field Photos, El Salvador: PAHO-MSPAS-JICA Collaboration Project to Fight Chagas Disease
These eight photographs illustrate a public-education program in schools, a TV campaign, and a medical entomology course, all activities of the collaboration agreement between PAHO and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), within the framework of the Initiative of Central American Countries to Interrupt Vectoral and Trasfusional Transmission of Chagas Disease (IPCA).
dch-fotos-els.htm
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Field Photos, Honduras: PAHO-SSA-JICA Collaboration Project to Fight Chagas Disease
These 11 photos illustrate the activities of the collaboration agreement between PAHO and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), within the framework of the Initiative of Central American Countries to Interrupt Vectoral and Trasfusional Transmission of Chagas Disease (IPCA). Also involved in the project is the Canadian International Development Agency and Japan Overseas Volunteers (JOVs).
dch-fotos-hon.htm
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Field Photos, Guatemala: PAHO-MSPAS-JICA Collaboration Project to Fight Chagas Disease
These 11 photos demonstrate the activities carried out by the joint project between PAHO, the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance (MSPAS) of Guatemala, and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), within the framework of the Initiative of Central American Countries (IPCA) against Chagas disease.
dch-fotos-jica.htm
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Pan American Journal of Public Health - Vol. 17 No. 3, March 2005
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health - Vol. 17 No. 3, March 2005
Online Bookstore
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Area Covered by JICA Projects in Central America
This map shows the geographical extent of the collaboration project between PAHO and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) for the control of Chagas disease in Central America (within the framework of the subregional initiative of Central American countries, IPCA).
dch-jica-map.htm
dch-jica-map.pdf
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PAHO-JICA Collaboration on Chagas Disease Control in Central America
This page provides a summary of the international partnership between PAHO and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) for Chagas control in the Central American countries. Within the framework of the IPCA (Initiative of Central American Countries), the project involves interagency cooperation with various other partners.
dch-jica-pjt.htm
dch-jica-pjt.doc
dch-jica-pjt.pdf
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Distribution of Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata (Central America, 2004)
This map shows the geographical distribution of the two main vectors for Chagas Disease in Central America, R. prolixus and T. dimidiata.
dch-ca-dist-vector.htm
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Useful Links: Chagas Disease / American Trypanosomiasis (WHO and other resources)
This page offers a list of electronically available resources on themes related to Chagas from WHO and other sites. It also includes links to international partners working in that area.
dch-links.htm
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AMCHA: Initiative of the Amazon Countries for Surveillance and Control of Chagas Disease
The delegates of the countries of the Amazon region, participating in the International Workshop on Surveillance and Prevention of Chagas Disease (Manaus, 2004), propose creation of an Initiative of the Amazon Countries for Surveillance and Control of Chagas Disease (AMCHA) to be formally constituted by decision and political agreement of the Ministers of Health.
dch-amcha.htm
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Report on Activities and Results of the National Chagas Program (with support from JICA and Pro-Mesas/IRDC, 2004)
With regard to the objective of improving housing as part of the aforementioned National Strategic Plan against Chagas Disease, part of the management objectives of the PNCh is to work with institutions from the health sector devoted to the construction and improvement of rural dwellings, e.g. the Our Roots Program (Nuestras Raíces) of the Honduran Social Investment Fund (Fondo Hondureño de Inversión Social / FHIS), which coordinates its activities with support from nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), among which are World Vision-Honduras, the Technical Council for the Integral Development of Honduras (COTEDIH), CARE, and the Liorna Foundation in Spain, among others. This page offers a summary, related links, and access to the full-text report in Spanish.
dch-hon-pnch-2004.htm
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Virtual Medical Training Course in Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment of Chagas Disease
The Virtual Medical Training Course in Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment of Chagas Disease comes as a response to the needs of the Subregional Initiatives for Controlling Chagas Disease, coordinated by PAHO, in collaboration with Doctors without Borders (Médicos sin fronteras/MSF-Spain) and available via its website (in Spanish). This page offers a summary in English and access to the course and partner sites.
dch-curso-virtual-msf.htm
MSF
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CD45.R3: Millennium Development Goals and Health Targets
This resolution from the 45th PAHO Directing Council in 2004 issues a series of mandates to advise countries on what they need to do to meet the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
CD45.R3
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International Meeting on Surveillance and Prevention of Chagas Disease in the Amazon Region (Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil, 19-22 September 2004)
The purpose of this meeting was the implementation of the Intergovernmental Initiative for Surveillance and Control of Chagas Disease in the Amazon Region (AMCHA), focusing on surveillance, prevention and research.
dch-amcha-2004.htm
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PAHO Consultation on Congenital Chagas Disease, Its Epidemiology and Management (Montevideo, Uruguay, 24–25 June 2004, in collaboration with the Latin American Center for Perinatology and Human Development, CLAP)
In this meeting there assembled a select group of researchers, clinicians, and those operating disease-managment programs, mostly from the Southern Cone and with the participation of the Free University of Brussels, Belgium. The objectives were to arrive at and update a situational diagnosis of the disease and its management; to develop guidelines for a management guide; to establish a risk and impact projection on the disease in the Region; and to
generate guidelines to regularly and sustainably implement the necessary actions in the countries. This page offers the report with its 14 recommendations, the agenda, and the list of participants.
dch-chagas-congenita-2004.htm
dch-chagas-congenita-2004.pdf
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Vth Meeting of the Andean Chagas Initiative (IPA) (Lima, Peru, 6–7 May 2004)
The objectives of this annual IPA meeting were to analyze the situation of Chagas' disease in the countries that form the Andean subregion; define intervention strategies in accordance with entomological, epidemiological, and cost-effectiveness criteria; agree on lines of action related to vector control among the countries of the subregion; and strengthen ties and integration among the National Surveillance and Control Programs in the countries of the Andean subregion. This page offers the conclusions, recommendations, and decisions as well as access to the full-text report in Spanish.
dch-ipa-v.htm
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National Strategic Plan for Chagas Disease, 2003–2007
This page provides an executive summary of the plan and access to the full text. It contains a general introduction where the preparation of the PENCHAGAS is explained and justified, in addition to the strategic-planning process; a situation analysis; a response analysis with regulatory principles and strategies proposed to address this problem, plans of action per strategic area following a logical-framework methodology as well as maps of the areas where work will be carried out with international cooperation from 2003 to 2007; and a bibliography.
dch-hon-plan.htm
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Sampling Guidelines for Surveillance and Vector-Control Activities Related to Chagas Disease
In monitoring and controlling vector-borne transmission of Chagas disease, there are various situations in which sampling techniques can offer sufficient and reliable information when it comes to guiding action. This means greater operational rationality and cost reduction. The degree of possible selectivity is limited because current techniques used in entomological research offer low sensitivity—above all in situations in which vector density is low or minimal, as tends to happen in advanced control phases. Also in the case of seroprevalence studies used to scale the problem or performance auditing, it is not justifiable to include the entire population. These are the reasons justifying the proposal for and production of these Sampling Guidelines for Chagas disease surveillance and vector control. This page offers a summary in English and access to the full text in Spanish and Portuguese.
dch-guia-muestreo.htm
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Rhodnius pallescens, Vector for American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease) en Central America
The following photographs depict R. pallescens, or chinche in common language, one of the main vectors involved in transmitted American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease) in part of Central America (Panama) and in the northern part of South America. The insect hides in the walls and thatched roofs of humble dwellings, biting the people living there and thereby infecting them with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi.
dch-fotos-r-pallescens.htm
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Humble Rural Housing at Risk of Chagas Disease, Central America
The following photographs depict the type of poor rural housing that perpetuates the propagation of vectors of the Triatominae family (chinches). The contaminated feces of these insects is the cause of Trypanosoma cruzi infection when they feed upon humans, and the cause of American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease). These insects hide in the walls and thatched roofs of humble dwellings of substandard quality or in adjacent structures, thus putting the occupants at risk.
dch-fotos-viviendas.htm
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The Vector Triatoma infestans and the Parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, Responsible for Chagas Disease in the Southern Cone
These photographs depict the main Chagas vector for the Southern Cone countries, T. infestans (in colloquial Spanish, vinchuca or chupón), responsible for household and local transmission of T. cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis).
dch-fotos-t-infestans-t-cruzi.htm
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Victims of Household Infestation: Chagas Disease in Central America
These photos depict victims of American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease), an illness transmitted by vectors from the Rhodnii or Triatomae family that hide in the walls and thatched roofs of substandard housing and surrounding areas.
dch-fotos-victimas.htm
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Lifecycle of Triatoma dimidiata and Rhodnius prolixus, Vectors Transmitting American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease) in Central America
This photograph depicts the lifecycle of two of the main vectors for American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease) in Central America, , T. dimidiata and R. prolixus (chinches), insects that hide in the walls and thatched roofs of poor substandard housing and adjacent structures and transmit the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi upon biting the human occupants.
dch-fotos-ciclo-vector.htm
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Triatoma dimidiata, Main Vector for American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease) in Central America
These photographs depict the main vector for American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease), T. dimidiata (chinche), native to the Central American subregion. These insects hide in the walls and thatched roofs of humble dwellings, biting the people living there and thereby infecting them with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi.
dch-fotos-t-dimidiata.htm
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Rhodnius prolixus, Vector for American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease) in Central America
These photographs depict R. prolixus, or chinche in common language, one of the main vectors involved in the transmission of American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease) in Central America and the northern part of South America. These insects hide in the walls and thatched roofs of humble dwellings, biting the people living there and thereby infecting them with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi.
dch-fotos-r-prolixus.htm
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Southern Cone Workshop on Chagas Disease: Conceptualization of Epidemiological Surveillance (Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 2003)
Epidemiological surveillance is understood to be a set of actions that are carried out both regularly and continually, that provide enough of the necessary information for timely intervention through adequate means of prevention and control. With Chagas disease, epidemiological surveillance needs to take into consideration both entomological (vectoral) surveillance and non-vectoral surveillance. The objective of this workshop was to incorporate into the INCOSUR-Chagas initiative a system of evolving instruments, strategies, and results of the surveillance systems that have been implemented in each country, as can be seen in the report that can be accessed via this page.
dch-concep-vig-epi.htm
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CD44.R6: Primary Health Care in the Americas: Lessons Learned over 25 Years and Future Challenges
This resolution from the 44th PAHO Directing Council in 2003, taking into consideration the Declaration of Alma-Ata and past PAHO resolutions, sets forth the mandate of improving the quality of primary care in the Americas: more equitable access to health services, improved surveillance and information systems in this context, improved training for healthcare workers, a health promotion approach, better policy implementation, local community-based approaches and models, working towards the Millennium Development Goals, etc.
CD44.R6
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Parasitic Diseases
This page offers the user a panoramic view of all PAHO materials on parasitic diseases. The documents are organized according to the following categories: surveillance, prevention and control, PAHO activities, Other PAHO Materials, and General Information/Links. It also contains a listing of featured items for all categories with the most important documents from each, and a side bar containing frequently requested items, upcoming events, and/or new books.
parasit.htm
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WHO, List of Links on Communicable Diseases (by topic)
This list of links gives the user direct access to the main WHO pages on the various communicable diseases or on themes related to them.
cd-who-links.htm
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Japan Participating Actively in the Fight Against Chagas’ Disease
In the battle to end Chagas’ disease in the Americas, Japan's International Cooperation Agency is an important participant. Together with PAHO, JICA is working to interrupt transmission of the disease by 2010.
pr030303.htm
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Maps Indicating Geographical Distribution of Chagas Vectors in Latin America--Triatoma dimidiata, Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma infestans--with Photos
These three slides show the extent of geographical infestation of each of the trio of Chagas vectors in the Region of the Americas. They also contain a photograph of Triatoma dimidiata, Rhodnius prolixus, and Triatoma infestans, respectively.
PowerPoint
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Chagas Control in the Southern Cone Countries: History of an International Initiative, 1991/2001 (Abstracts in English, overview plus six country profiles)
This page contains abstracts of the seven papers contained in the original Portuguese-Spanish e-book on the history of INCOSUR/Chagas in the Southern Cone subregion. The papers provide basic data on prevention and control efforts made (both in the areas of vector blood-transfusion transmission) throughout the subregion as a whole as well as in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay (the six member states making up INCOSUR). A link is also provided to the original e-book via its Spanish and Portuguese access pages.
dch-historia-incosur.htm
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Manual for Indoor Residual Spraying: Application of Residual Sprays for Vector Control
This WHO guide is meant to instruct pest-control workers on how to safely and effectively administer residual insecticides. It was published in 2002 by WHO Communicable Disease Control, Prevention and Eradication as part of the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme, to provide uniform international standards for administration of pesticides to eliminate insects/vectors that transmit disease in an indoor setting. This summary links to the full-text WHO report.
mal-who-insecticide-manual.htm
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Progress Report: Chagas Disease Vector Control Project, Republic of Guatemala (2000-2002)
This report provides details on progress made in the prevention and control of Chagas Disease in Guatemala: outcomes, financial input, cost-benefit analysis, advances in regional cooperation and other areas, and recommendations. The page provides a summary and access to the full text. It was collaboratively produced by PAHO, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance (MSPAS) of Guatemala.
dch-gut-rpt-2002.htm
dch-gut-rpt-2002.pdf
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WHO Disease Outbreak News
This link provides access to the latest WHO updates and archives on disease outbreaks throughout the world.
WHO
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Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)
This page offers the user a panoramic view of all PAHO materials on Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organized according to the following categories: surveillance, prevention and control, PAHO activities, Other PAHO Materials, and General Information/Links. It also contains a listing of featured items for all categories with the most important documents from each, and a side bar with links, frequently requested items, upcoming events, and/or new books.
chagas.htm
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WHO Definition of Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)
This link goes directly to the full, detailed WHO definition for Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis).
WHO
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Chagas in the Americas: Geoepidemiological Spaces for Surveillance and Control--A Series of Four Maps
This PDF copy of a PowerPoint presentation contains four maps showing the geographical distribution of Chagas disease and T. infestans infestation in the Americas. (2090 KB)
chagas-mapas.pdf
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Perspectives in Health - Volume 6, Number 1, 2001
Magazine published twice a year by the Pan American Health Organization. This edition features the following articles: El Salvador After the Earthquake: A Photo Story - Diary of a Disaster Relief Mission in India -Confronting AIDS in the Caribbean: Major New Efforts Underway - Kissing the Assassin Bug Goodbye - Pairing Up Saves Mothers in Central America - The Balmis-Salvany Smallpox Expedition: The First Public Health Vaccination Campaign in South America - A Cold Nose and a Warm Heart
Number11_index.htm
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Chagas Disease Vector Control Project in Guatemala: Progress Report, January-May 2001
The year 2000 marked the implementation of the Chagas Disease Vector Control Project, whose general objective is to eliminate transmission of the disease in Guatemala by 2010 and whose specific objective is to interrupt vector-borne transmission in eight Health Districts. Activities are carried out by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare (MSPAS), by means of its Vector-Borne Disease Program, and strengthened by support from the Japanese government through the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), working in coordination with the University of San Carlos of Guatemala (USAC), Del Valle University of Guatemala (UVG)/CDC-MERTUG, PAHO/WHO, the European Union-APRESAL, UNICEF and local NGOs. This page summarizes the activities and achievements during the period and offers access to the full-text report in Spanish (36 pp, PDF).
dch-rpt-gut-2001.htm
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CD41.R15: Strengthening Blood Banks in the Region of the Americas
On pages 26-28 of this final report of the 41st PAHO Directing Council in 1999, you will find Resolution 15 on strengthening blood banks in the Americas to prevent disease transmitted by blood transfusion, as is the case with transfusional Chagas disease. This resolution constitutes the PAHO mandate to combat transfusional transmission of Chagas.
CD41.R15
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Healthy Homes, Healthy Communities: An Environmental Health Manual for Use by your Family and Community
Many people in communities have problems getting enough water for drinking, washing and keeping the home clean. Many people also do not know how mosquitoes can cause disease, how to get rid of garbage properly or what to do if there is a fire in the home or poisonous gases in the air. This manual, available in full text for grassroots use, helps people understand how unhealthy situations can aid the spread of diseases (for example, those transmitted by vectors, parasites or rodents). It shows which areas might require changes for healthier daily practices, or in preparing for an emergency or disaster.
healthy-homes.htm
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WHA51.14: Elimination of Transmission of Chagas Disease
In 1998, the 51st World Health Assembly passed this resolution to interrupt the transmission of Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) in the Americas. It constitutes the WHO mandate and was adopted by PAHO for the Americas and implemented through four subregional initiatives (AMCHA, IPCA, IPA, and INCOSUR).
dch-wha51-14-eng.pdf
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Chagas' Disease and the Nervous System
A compendium of knowledge about Chagas diseases; includes an overview of health problems posed by Chagas' disease; studies of specific alterations in automnomic, peripheral and central nervous system functions produced by chasagic infections in humans
Bookstore
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CD35.14: Eradication/Elimination of Certain Diseases from the Region
This resolution from the PAHO Directing Council sets forth the mandate for the eradication and elimination on onchocerciais (river blindness), Chagas Disease (American trypanosomiasis) through blood transfusion, and leprosy (Hansen's disease) from the Americas.
CD35.R14
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